SAA7108E

1.1 Video decoder

` Six analog inputs, internal analog source selectors, e.g. 6 * CVBS or (2 * Y/C and 2 * CVBS) or (1 * Y/C and 4 * CVBS)
` Two analog preprocessing channels in differential CMOS style for best S/N-performance
` Fully programmable static gain or Automatic Gain Control (AGC) for the selected CVBS or Y/C channel
` Switchable white peak control
` Two built-in analog anti-aliasing filters
` Two 9-bit video CMOS Analog-To-Digital Converters (ADCs), digitized CVBS or Y/C signals are available on the IPD (Image Port Data) port under I2C-bus control
` On-chip clock generator
` Line-locked system clock frequencies
` Digital PLL for horizontal sync processing and clock generation, horizontal and vertical sync detection
` Requires only one crystal (either 24.576 MHz or 32.11 MHz) for all standards
` Automatic detection of 50 and 60 Hz field frequency, and automatic switching between PAL and NTSC standards
` Luminance and chrominance signal processing for PAL BGHI, PAL N, combination PAL N, PAL M, NTSC M, NTSC-Japan, NTSC N, NTSC 4.43 and SECAM
` User programmable luminance peaking or aperture correction
` Cross-colour reduction for NTSC by chrominance comb filtering
` PAL delay line for correcting PAL phase errors
` Brightness Contrast Saturation (BCS) and hue control on-chip
` Two multi functional real-time output pins controlled by I2C-bus
` Multi-standard VBI data slicer decoding World Standard Teletext (WST), North-American Broadcast Text System (NABTS), Closed Caption (CC), Wide Screen Signalling (WSS), Video Programming System (VPS), Vertical Interval Time Code (VITC) variants (EBU/SMPTE) etc.
` Standard ITU 656 Y-C<sub>B</sub>-C<sub>R</sub> 4 : 2 : 2 format (8-bit) on IPD output bus
` Enhanced ITU 656 output format on IPD output bus containing:
   active video
   raw CVBS data for INTERCAST applications (27 MHz data rate)
   decoded VBI data
` Detection of copy protected input signals according to the macrovision standard. Can be used to prevent unauthorized recording of pay-TV or video tape signals.

1.2 Video scaler

` Both up and downscaling
` Conversion to square pixel format
` NTSC to 288 lines (video phone)
` Phase accuracy better than ^1/64 pixel or line, horizontally or vertically
` Independent scaling definitions for odd and even fields
` Anti-alias filter for horizontal scaling
` Provides output as
   scaled active video
   raw CVBS data for INTERCAST, WAVE-PHORE, POPCON applications or general VBI data decoding (27 MHz or sample rate converted)
` Local video output for Y-C_B-C_R 4 : 2 : 2 format (VMI, VIP, ZV).

1.3 Video encoder

` Digital PAL/NTSC encoder with integrated high quality scaler and anti-flicker filter for TV output from a PC
` 27 MHz crystal-stable subcarrier generation
` Maximum graphics pixel clock 45 MHz at double edged clocking, synthesized on-chip or from external source
` Up to 800 * 600 graphics data at 60 Hz or 50 Hz with programmable underscan range
` Three Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) at 27 MHz sample rate for CVBS (BLUE, CB), VBS (GREEN, CVBS) and C (RED, CR) (signals in parenthesis are optional); all at 10-bit resolution
` Selectable cross-colour reduction to improve CVBS output
` Non-interlaced C<sub>B</sub>-Y-C<sub>R</sub> or RGB input at maximum 4 : 4 : 4 sampling
` Downscaling from 1 : 1 to 1 : 2 and up to 20% upscaling
` Optional interlaced C<sub>B</sub>-Y-C<sub>R</sub> input Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)
` Optional non-interlaced RGB output to drive second VGA monitor (bypass mode, maximum 45 MHz)
` 3 * 256 bytes RGB Look-Up Table (LUT)
` Support for hardware cursor
` Programmable border colour of underscan area
` On-chip 27 MHz crystal oscillator (3rd-harmonic or fundamental 27 MHz crystal)
` Encoder can be master or slave
` Programmable horizontal and vertical input synchronization phase
` Programmable horizontal sync output phase
` Internal Colour Bar Generator (CBG)
` Optional support of various VBI data insertion as
   WST-625, WSS, VPS
   WST-525, NABTS
   Closed Caption, Copy Generation Management System (CGMS)
` Macrovision Pay-per-View copy protection system rev. 7.01 and rev. 6.1 as option; this applies to SAA7108E only. The device is protected by USA patent numbers 4631603, 4577216 and 4819098 and other intellectual property rights. Use of the Macrovision anti-copy process in the device is licensed for non-commercial home use only. Reverse engineering or disassembly is prohibited. Please contact your nearest Philips Semiconductors sales office for more
information.

1.4 Common features

` 5 V tolerant digital I/O ports
` I²C-bus controlled (full read-back ability by an external controller, bit rate up to 400 kbits/s)
` Versatile power-save modes
` Boundary scan test circuit complies with the "IEEE Std. 1149.b1-1994" (separate ID codes for decoder and encoder)
` Monolithic CMOS 3.3 V device
` BGA156 package
` Moisture Sensitive Level (MSL): e3.

The SAA7108E; SAA7109E is a new multi-standard video decoder and encoder chip, offering high quality video input and TV output processing as required by PC-99 specifications. SAA7108E; SAA7109E enable hardware manufacturers to implement versatile video functions on a significantly reduced printed-circuit board area at very competitive costs.

Separate pins of SAA7108E; SAA7109E for supply voltages as well as for I²C-bus control and boundary scan test have been provided for the video encoder and decoder sections to ensure both flexible handling and optimized noise behaviour.

The video encoder of SAA7108E; SAA7109E is used to encode PC graphics data at maximum 800 × 600 resolution to PAL (50 Hz) or NTSC (60 Hz) video signals. A programmable scaler and interlacer ensures properly sized and flicker-free TV display as CVBS or S-video output.

Alternatively, the three Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs)of SAA7108E; SAA7109E can output RGB signals together with a TTL composite sync to feed SCART connectors.

When the scaler/interlacer is bypassed, a second VGA monitor can be connected to the RGB outputs and separate H and V-syncs as well, thereby serving as an auxiliary monitor at maximum 800 ´ 600 resolution/60 Hz (PIXCLK < 45 MHz).

The video decoder, a 9-bit video input processor, is a combination of a 2-channel analog pre-processing circuit including source selection, anti-aliasing filter and Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), automatic clamp and gain control, a Clock Generation Circuit (CGC), and a digital multi-standard decoder (PAL BGHI, PAL M, PAL N, combination PAL N, NTSC M, NTSC-Japan, NTSC N, NTSC 4.43 and SECAM).

The decoder of SAA7108E; SAA7109E includes a brightness, contrast and saturation control circuit, a multi-standard VBI data slicer and a 27 MHz VBI data bypass. The pure 3.3 V (5 V compatible) CMOS circuit SAA7108E; SAA7109E, consisting of an analog front-end and digital video decoder, a digital video encoder and analog back-end, is a highly integrated circuit especially designed for desktop video applications.

The decoder of SAA7108E; SAA7109E is based on the principle of line-locked clock decoding and is able to decode the colour of PAL, SECAM and NTSC signals into ITU-R BT.601 compatible colour component values.

The encoder of SAA7108E; SAA7109E can operate fully independently at its own variable pixel clock, transporting graphics input data, and at the line-locked, single crystal-stable video encoding clock.

As an option, it is possible to slave the video PAL/NTSC encoding to the video decoder clock with the encoder FIFO acting as a buffer to decouple the line-locked decoder clock from the crystal-stable encoder clock.