Sensor Circuit

Voltage Waveform Circuit Of Welding Sensor Each Point

Published:2011/7/27 3:22:00 Author:Robert | Keyword: Welding Sensor, Point, Voltage, Waveform

The picture shows the welding sensor each point's voltage waveform circuit.   (View)

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OUT_OF_LIMIT_VOLTAGE_SENSOR

Published:2009/7/14 21:31:00 Author:May

High switching speed, low offset current, and low offset voltage of Harris HA-4900/4905 precision quad comparator make circuit well suited for industrial process control applications requiring fast, accurate decision-making based on voltage levels. Outputs can be used to drive alarm indicator or initiate corrective action.- Linear & Data Acquisition Products, Harris Semiconductor, Melbourne, FL, Vol. 1, 1977, p 2-96.   (View)

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WIND_DIRECTION_SENSOR

Published:2009/7/15 0:11:00 Author:Jessie

To use the circuit you will need a wind vane like the one shown. It should have a weighted front end and an air paddle in the rear. Attach a small, strong magnet to the front part of the wind-vane arm. Then, position eight reed magnetic switches in a circle around a piece of plastic pipe and electrically connect them (as shown). Note that the reed switches are electrically connected to points labeled A through H. Those points correspond to points A through H in the wind-direction decoder circuit. The decoder uses eight low-current 2N5061 SCRs and eight LEDs to latch and display the wind vane's position. If the wind vane is pointing due north, reed switch A is closed, sending current into the gate of SCR1. That current turns the thyristor on, causing it to light LED1. If the wind shifts slightly to a position in between north and northwest or north and northeast, without activating any of the reed switches, LED1 will remain on, indicating that the last wind direction was north. With SCR1 turned on, one end of capacitors C8 and C1 is pulled to ground. The other end of both capacitors is tied to the + 12-V bus through a resistor and LED; that means that both capacitors are charged to near 12 V. All other capacitors are not charged because both ends of each capacitor are returned to the +12-V bus through a resistor and LED. When the wind direction shifts to the northwest, reed switch B turns SCR2 on, thereby taking the positive end of C1, which is connected to its anode, to ground. This negative pulse turns SCR1 off as SCR2 turns on, lighting LED2 and turning off LED1.   (View)

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CURRENT_SENSOR

Published:2009/7/14 23:45:00 Author:Jessie

Load current is sensed across base-emitter junction of output transistor. R1 controls OFF time and R2 controls ON time. Capacitor should be electrolytic rated above 16V.-M, Faulkner, Two Terminal Circuit Breaker, Wireless World, March 1977, p 41.   (View)

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TOUCH_SENSOR

Published:2009/7/14 19:55:00 Author:May

This circuit is a basic two-contact touch-switch sensor circuit. The negative input (pin 6) of IC1 is tied to the positive supply through R2 (which is actually two 22-MΩ resistors connected in series), while the positive input (pin 7) is connected through R1 (made up of two 22-MΩ and one 10-M.Ω resistor in series).   (View)

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SEE_THROUGH_SENSOR

Published:2009/7/14 11:02:00 Author:May

In this circuit, an infrared emitter LED (LED1) is aimed at an infrared phototransistor (Q1). As long as the IR light path between the two remains uninterrupted, transistor Q2 will keep relay RY1 closed. Any opaque object blocking the light path will cause RY1 to open. This circuit is a see-through-type light sensor. Such units are often used as part-in-place detectors and parts-counter sensors.   (View)

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TOUCH_TON_E_ENCODER

Published:2009/7/14 6:14:00 Author:May

Crystal-controlled encoder using 14410 tone encoder operates from 12-V supply to provide good frequency stability along with correct balance between high and low tones. 50K level adjustment pot can be screwdriver type.-G. A. Wilson, The Micoder: Some Improvements, Ham Radio, Nov. 1978, p 42-43.   (View)

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REFLECTIVE_SENSOR

Published:2009/7/15 22:49:00 Author:Jessie

The IR sensor circuit shown produces an output when LED1's light is reflected from an object back to phototransistor Q1. The LED and phototransistor should be mounted parallel to each other and aimed in the same direction. Without a reflective object, the voltage at the input of the LM339 comparator (IC1) is at or near ground level and the output at pin 1 of IC1 is high. When the phototransistor detects a reflected light signal, the voltage at Q1's emitter goes high, causing the comparator's output to go low. The 555 timer (IC2) is then triggered, and produces a timed output pulse at pin 3. The circuit's sensitivity is set by R4 and its output time period by R5. Note that in this circuit, all of the unused input and output pins of the LM339 must be tied to circuit ground.   (View)

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HYSTERESIS_STABILIZING_LIGHT_SENSOR

Published:2009/7/15 22:14:00 Author:Jessie

This light turn-on circuit originally had oscillation problems. The 470-kΩ resistor introduces the hysteresis to prevent the oscillation. You can experiment with the value of the resistor for best results in your application.   (View)

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TIME_DELAYED_SCHMITT_AS_SENSOR

Published:2009/7/13 4:00:00 Author:May

Provides delay in sensor control until industrial process and system are started up and in normal operating mode. Delay is obtained with R-C network in additional transistor stage Q3.Photocell and R1 are interchangeable depending on polarity of control required from output.-L. T. Medveson, Time-Delayed Schmitt Sensor, EEE,14:7, p104.   (View)

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SOS_BEACON

Published:2009/7/16 5:24:00 Author:Jessie

Gives 4 w output in 100-140 Mc or 220-260 Mc ranges. Uses class-C Hartley oscillator with crystal in feedback loop. Range is 100 miles for voice input and 200 miles for 1,000-cps tone of astable mvbr. - S. D. Czerwinski and F. S. Linn, Tiny Solid-State Transmitter May Save Your Life, Electronics, 35:48, p 90-91.   (View)

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160_METER_PREAMP

Published:2009/7/16 5:01:00 Author:Jessie

Broadband 40-dB preamp has response range extending from broadcast band through VHF. Upper 3-dB point of amplifier is at 65 MHz. Heavy feedback stabilizes gain and provides 50-ohm characteristic.-D. DeMaw, Beat the Noise with a Scoop Loop, QST, July 1977, p 30-34.   (View)

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PULSE_HEIGHT_SENSOR_FEEDS_SCALER

Published:2009/7/16 22:39:00 Author:Jessie

Tunnel-diode 1N2929 senses pulse height through isolating unijunction diode HU25.Voltage input signals above preset thresh-old give negative output pulse for scaler.-R. Cuikay and T. Callhan, Orbiting Observatory lo Measure Stars' Dim Light, Electronics, 37:9, p 28-31.   (View)

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Zhonghua Car Air Bag System Circuit

Published:2011/7/18 4:57:00 Author:Felicity | Keyword: Zhonghua Car, Air Bag System, Circuit

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Zhonghua Car Air Conditioning System Circuit (the 3rd)

Published:2011/7/18 5:04:00 Author:Felicity | Keyword: Zhonghua Car, Air Conditioning System, Circuit

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35KHz-40KHz Standard Square-wave Generator Circuit

Published:2011/7/18 5:14:00 Author:Felicity | Keyword: 35KHz-40KHz, Standard Square-wave Generator, Circuit

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SENSOR_KEYER

Published:2009/7/11 2:28:00 Author:May

Skin resistance of about 10k creates dashes when finger touches grid pattern on left side of paddle and dots when other finger touches pattern on other side. Transistors act as solid-state switches. Developed for use with Heathkit CW keyer HD-10. Supply is 10V, obtained from 10-V zener connected through appropriate dropping resistor to higher-voltage source. Article covers construction of paddle by etching printed-wiring board.-T. Urbizu, Try a Sensor Keyer, 73 Magazine, Jan. 1978, p 184-185.   (View)

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LM317_REGULATOR_SENSING

Published:2009/7/17 3:24:00 Author:Jessie

The optocoupler (as shown) provides load sensing for a 3-terminal regulator, such as the LM317 series. R1 sets a current of 5 mA through the optocoupler transistor and R3 is adjusted for 12 V across the load.   (View)

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HUM_DETECTING_TOUCH_SENSOR

Published:2009/7/11 1:22:00 Author:May

This touch sensor uses the 60-Hz hum pickup by the human body to drive a detector and relay drivers, Q1 and Q2. R5 controls sensitivity of the circuit.   (View)

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RAIN_SENSOR

Published:2009/7/17 4:00:00 Author:Jessie

The figure shows a simple rain sensor design that incorporates pitch and volume controls in the alarm signal. Whenever the sensor is bridged by droplets of water, the Darlington transistor TR1/TR2 will conduct. This enables IC1, a 555 astable tone generator, to function, powering a small loud-speaker through a driver transistor (TR3). VR2 determines the pitch of the audio tone, which can be anything from about 25 Hz to 18 kHz, while VR3 adjusts the volume. The sensitivity of the circuit is set by VR1. The Darlington pair could be constructed with two separate ZTX300s or a single TlP122. For the sensor, use a small piece of stripboard, linking alternate strips into an interlocking design. The circuit will operate from a standard 9-V PP3-type battery.   (View)

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